Steam generator



June 27, 1933.

G. P. JACKSON STEAM GENERATOR Filed June 25, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet l gINkENTOR ATTORNEYS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 G. P. JACKSON STEAM GENERATOR FiledJune 23, 1930 June 27, 1933.

W W/M ATTORNEYS G. P. JACKSON 1 1,915,463

STEAM GENERATOR Filed June 23, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEYS.

Patented June 27, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GEORGE P. JACKSON, FFLUSHING, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO INTERNATIONAL COM- BUSTION ENGINEERINGCORPORATION, DELAWARE OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF STEAMGENERATOR Application filed June 23,

This invention relates to boilers of the radiant heat type, that is,boilers in which the tubes are so arranged that the boiler constitutesits own combustion chamber, and the invention is particularly useful inhigh ca- 0 circulation through the boiler and particularly the uprightwater walls defining the combustion space.

More specifically it is an object of the invention to simply,effectively and economir cally associate water walls with other boilerparts as will hereinafter more particularly appear.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel form of waterscreen, the advantages of which will be set forth.

I accomplish the foregoing, together with such other objects andadvantages as may hereinafter appear, or are incident to my invention,by means of a construction which r T have illustrated in the preferredform in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Fig. 1 is a vertical sectionthrough an installation embodying my improvements;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section through Fig. 1, and

Figs. 3 and 4 are fragmentary views, drawn on an enlarged scale, andillustrating the water screen of my. invention.

Referring now to Fig. 1, it will be seen that I have provided acombustion chamber A in the throat B of which I have located two opposedtwo-drum boiler units baffled so that the gases traverse the banks oftubes connecting the respective drums on their way to the oiftake D.

Common to the two steam and water drums 7, 7 is a steam drum 8 connectedto each steam and water drum by tubes 9 which lead from the steam spaceof said drums to the upper portion of the drum 8. A header 10 is locatedbelow the drum 8 and is connected thereto at a plurality of points asindicated in Fig. 2. Water collecting in the drum 8 is thus conducted tothe header 10 from which it is led 1930. Serial N0. 462,971.

by downcomers 11, 11 to parts to be hereinafter described.

The combustion chamber is lined by front and rear Water walls a and a,each composed of a row of upright tubes 12 and 13-respectively. Thelower ends of the tubes 12 and 13 are respectively connected to theheaders 14 and 15, and the upper ends are connected to the headers 16and 17 respectively. Arch supporting tubes 18 lead inwardly from theheader 16 and then upwardly to the mud drum 19 and similar archsupporting tubes 20 lead from the header 17 to the mud drum' 21.

The header 14 is in part supplied with water by tubes 22 which lead fromthe mud drum 19 and in part by tubes 23 connected to the drum 24extending centrally of the installation and beneath the ash pit floor.

The header 15 is similarly supplied in part by the tubes 25 and thetubes 26.

The side walls of the combustion chamber are also lined with water wallseach comprising a row of upright tubes 27 arranged in three groups I), band b. The lower ends of the tubes 27 are connected to the headers 28and the upper ends are connected into the headers 29, the centralportion of which is of slightly larger diameter than the end portionsthereof.

- The throat is lined at its sides by tubes 30 rising from the centralportion of the header 29 to headers 31 from which tubes 32 lead to thesteam space of the drum 7.

The tubes 33 lead from the smaller end portions of the header 29 to theheaders 34. A large upcomer pipe 35 leads from each header 34: to aheader 36, and from the headers 36 tubes 37 lead to the drums 7.

The headers 28 are supplied from the drum 24 by two groups of tubes 38,39 which rise upwardly from the drum 24 through the ash pit floor andthence incline outwardly and upwardly to the headers 28. The tubes 38and 39 are connected in a line to their respective headers and areconnected to the drum 24 peripherally thereof. The bending of the tubeswhich is necessary to secure this form of connection results in thespreading of the tubes apart vertically as shown more particularly inFig. 2. Thus horizontally viewed there are three rows of tubes 38 andthree rows of tubes 39, and vertically considered, the groups of tubes38 and 39 comprise relatively widely spaced rows of tubes, each rowbeing three tubes deep.

The tubes 38 and 39, therefore, constitute a water screen defining thebottom of the combustion space and located above the ash it,

the spacing of the tubes being such t at,

refuse particles gravitating out of the fuel and flame stream canreadily pass to the ash from the downcomer pipes 11.

The tubes 18 and 20 are connected to tubes of the banks of tubes of theunits 0, C by means of connections 18' located inside the drmns 19 and21.

The drum 24 is yieldingly supported on a plurality of spaced springs 44.

Fuel to be burned in suspension, preferably powdered coal, is admittedat the corners of the combustion chamber through burner meansdiagrammatically indicated at 45. the burners being directed to deliverfuel and air in streams tangential to an imaginary circle so as toproduce a vortical flame of intense combustion in a manner now wellunderstood in this art. From the foregoing it will be seen that I haveprovided a very high capacity installation having a maximum amount ofradiant heat surface with a minimum number of drums, the number of drumsbeing small for the capacity obtained. At the same time adequate watersupply is secured for all of the upright water walls and the waterscreen and steam deliver from the water walls is free and balanced asbetween the drums 7 so that the two units C, C operate uniformly. Inthis connection it will be seen that in eit'ect the headers 31 arecommon to the two drums 7 because each is connected to each of the drumsby the tubes 32. Relatively dry steam is also ensured and any water inthe drum 8 is promptly returned to the drum 24.

The installation shown in the drawings has a capacity of approximately700,000 pounds of steam per hour or more which it can deliver over aperiod of ten or twelve hours continuous operation.

Referring now more particularly to the water screen and to Figs. 3 and4, it will be seen that the groups of tubes 38 and 39 are so bent that,vertically considered, the rows are inclined with ,the space X betweenthe inclined rows sutficient to permit of a man entering the combustionchamber for the purpose of inspection, making repairs, or the like. Atthe same time, the lateral spacing of the tubes, looking down upon thescreen, is substantially equal between the tubes so that, consideringthe screen as a whole, it has uniform heat absorbing throughout itswidth, thus making it effective for the cooling of precipitating refuseparticles. The spacing is such that these particles can readily passthrough the screen to the ash pit below. Furthermore, if any lumps oraggregates of refuse form in the combustion chamber above the screen,these on falling down will pass through the channels X to the ash pit.The ashes are sluiced out of the ash pit by a plurality of channels Y,formed in the bottom of the ash pit.

I claim 1. In combination with a boiler and its combustion chamber, awater screen comprising tubes extending inwardly into the chamber fromeach of two opposite sides to pass outwardly through the floor in themiddle portion thereof, a drum at such location to which the inner endsof the tubes are connected, means yieldingly supporting said drum,downcomer means from the boiler to said drum, and upcomer means for saidtubes, together with side water walls, tubes connecting the same withsaiddrum, and upcomer means for the side water walls, all tubesconnecting with said drumshaving points of connection peripherally ofsaid drum.

2. In combination with a boiler and its combustion chamber, a waterscreen comprising tubes extending inwardly into the chamber from each oftwo opposite sides to pass outwardly through the floor in the middleportion thereof, a drum at such location to which the inner ends of thetubes are connected, means yieldingly supporting said drum, downcomermeans from the boiler to said drum, a header for the outer ends of saidtubes, the said tubes being connected to the headers in a line and beingconnected to the drum around the periphery thereof,

and upcomer means from the header.

3. In combination, a pair of two drum Ladd boilers set in opposition, asteam drum common to the two steam and water drums thereof, a combustionchamber below the boilers, side water walls delivering to the steam andwater drums, other side water walls. a water screen in thebottom of thechamber, a drum common to said water walls and said water screen.downcomers from the mud drums of the boilers to said drum, and adowncomer from the steam drum to said drum.

4. In a finely divided fuel burning installation, a combustion chamberand a water screen spaced above the floor of the chamber so as to leavean unobstructed space between the screen and floor, said screen beingcomcapacity mamas posed of a plurality of parallel rows of tubes oneabove the other, the tubes of each row being substantially equallyspaced and the corresponding tubes of each row being progressivelyolfset in the same direction.

5. In a finely divided fuel burning installation, a combustion chamberand a water screen spaced above the floor of the chamber so as to leavean unobstructed space between the screen and floor, said screen beingcomposed of a plurality of parallel rows of tubes one above the other,the tubes of each row being substantially equally spaced and the tubesof the rows being so relatively arranged as to provide a plurality oflaterally spaced rows of tubes lying in parallel inclined planes asviewed cross-sectionally of the tubes.

6. In a finely divided fuel burning installation, a combustion chamberand a water screen spaced above the floor of the chamber so as to leavean unobstructed space between the screen and floor, said screen beingcomposed of a plurality of spaced parallel rows of spaced tubes oneabove the other, the tubes of the several rows being progressivelyoffset in a direction transverse of the screen.

7. In a finely divided fuel burning installation, a combustion chamber,a drum at the bottom of the chamber extending longitudinally thereof,header means in the lower portion of said chamber spaced from the drumand located at a level thereabove, and a water screen composed of aplurality of tubes connecting the drum and header means, said tubesbeing arranged in groups spaced above the floor of the chamber eachcomprising a pluralitv of tubes ofiset one above the other in parallel,relation for the major portion of their length, and having one of theirend portions bent to lie in a plane at right angles to the axis of thedrum forconnection into the drum in a circumferential row, and havingtheir other end portions bent to lie in a plane extending longitudinallyof the header means l'oncomiection into said header means in alongitudinal row.

ln testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

lrEORGE P. TACKSON.

